流域水质目标管理技术研究(Ⅲ)--水环境流域监控技术研究

The Study on Technique of Basin Water Quality Target Management Ⅲ:Basin Monitor Technique for Water Environment

总结发达国家在水环境监控技术方面的先进经验的基础上,分析了我国当前流域水环境监控技术体系的特点,指出与发达国家相比,我国在水环境监控技术上存在的问题影响了监测的效度和效率.提出了完善我国流域水环境监控技术体系的设计原则:监测对象与流域生态功能的一致性、监测指标与水环境污染特征的一致性、监测方法与质量控制的一致性以及监测方式与监测目的的一致性;同时提出了流域水环境监控的系统设计思路,即流域水环境监测对象与监测指标筛选、监测布点与采样技术、监测分析方法、监控质量保证、监测网络与监控信息管理等6个方面.

On the basis of the summary of advanced experience of developed countries on the basin monitoring technique, the characteristics of China＇s basin monitoring technique were analyzed. Compared with developed countries, the shortages of the basin monitoring technique system of China have greatly affected the effectiveness and efficiency of monitoring. There are four principles to perfect the water environment monitoring technique of China, i.e. the consistency of the monitoring objectives with the ecological function, the consistency of the monitoring index with the contaminative features of water environment, the consistency of the monitoring methods with the quality control, and the consistency of the monitoring mode with the monitoring purpose. The systemic design for the basin water environment monitoring should be carried through by six aspects, i.e. the choose of the monitoring objectives and index, the technique of sampling sites setting and the sampling, the analytical method, the quality guarantee, the monitoring network and the management of monitoring data.