贵州遵义高坪水源地岩溶地下水重金属污染健康风险初步评价

Primary Study of Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Karst Groundwater in Gaoping Area in Zunyi City,Guizhou Province

健康风险评价是定量描述污染物对人体健康产生危害的重要方法．对贵州省遵义市高坪水源地岩溶地下水21个采样点中Cd，Cr，Pb和Cu的含量进行了调查研究，并应用目前美国环境保护局（USEPA）推荐的健康风险评价模型，对该地岩溶地下水中重金属所引起的健康风险做出初步评价．结果表明：研究区内丰水期健康危害的个人致癌风险最大值为3．52×10^-5a^-1，没有超过国际辐射防护委员会（IcRP）推荐的通过饮水途径最大可接受风险水平（5．00×10^-5a^-1）；枯水期各采样点的个人致癌风险值为10^-8～10^-7a^-1，远低于ICRP推荐的最大可接受水平．丰水期的健康风险明显大于枯水期，重金属Cr是产生风险的主要污染物。

Health risk assessment is an important method to quantitatively describe the relationship between pollution and human health. Concentrations distribution of the Cd, Cr, Pb and Cu in karst groundwater in Gaoping Area in Zunyi City was studied based on a total of 21 random samples. Health risks associated with 4 heavy metals in drinking water were assessed using USEPA health risk assessment model. The results showed that among the health risks caused by heavy metals in groundwater in high water period, the largest risk was 3.52 × 10^-5 a^-1 , which was lower than the maximum allowance levels recommended by ICRP （5.00 × 10^-5 a^-1 ） ; the health risks levels caused by heavy metals in groundwater in low water period ranged from 10^-8 to 10^-7 a^-1 , much lower than the maximum allowance levels recommended by ICRP. The health risks in low water period were much lower than in high water period in the study area. Cr is the highest priority pollutant in the 4 heavy metals.