船舶污染损害赔偿责任的理论、实践及我国船舶污染法律制度的建构

Theory and Practice of Compensation for Damage by Ship Pollution and the Building of Our Country's Ship Pollution System

船舶污染这种海上侵权行为具有很多特殊性,其损害赔偿责任的构成要件、损害赔偿的范围、损害赔偿责任的原则等与一般民事赔偿责任有很大区别。通过国际立法实践,船舶污染损害赔偿责任理论得到进一步发展。在国际海事组织制定的各类船舶污染国际条约中,船舶油污、船舶运输有害有毒物质污染和船舶燃油污染分别建立了不同的船舶污染损害赔偿机制,为各国船舶污染损害责任制度的建立提供了有益的帮助。我国船舶污染立法相对比较落后,随着越来越多的船舶污染事件的发生,我国船舶污染法律制度的建立势在必行。

As the tort at sea, ship pollution has lots of special nature which is very different from general civil liability for compensation in respect of the constitutive requirement, the scope and principle for compensation. The theory of compensation for damage by ship pollution is further improved by the practice of international legislation. International treaties made by IMO set up different compensation systems for ship pollution involving oil pollution, pollution by shipping poisonous and harmful substance, and bunker pollution. The systems are helpful to different countries in building their own compensation system of ship pollution. Our country＇s legislation concerning ships pollution is comparatively backward, so it is necessary to perfect and build our country＇s legal system of ships pollution.