王闿运的复古思想与文学自觉

Wang Kaiyun's RestorationThoughts and Literary Self-Consciousness

王闿运的复古思想,多数时候是被视为逆潮流的,但实际情况却并非完全如此。他强调诗中所抒之情要摆脱儒家诗教的束缚,重视文之绮丽,不惟与同时的其他复古流派相比更能代表文学发展的方向,即与其后的新派诗相比,在对文学本质特征的认识上,也是大有过之的。王闿运对作为诗歌本质特征的抒情和审美要素的自觉追求,从某种程度上讲,是走在时代前列的。相对于六朝时期的文学自觉,明清人对六朝诗抒情和审美特征的再认识也可以说是一个文学再自觉的过程,而它的终结点和最高点就是王闿运。

Wang Kaiyun＇s restoration thoughts were always considered to be against the current, but it is not the case. He insisted that the emotions expressed in a poem should attach importance to the gorgeous writings breaking away from Confucian poetics and embodied the developmental direction more typically than other classical genres of the time. In fact, even for the later new genres of the poems, his thoughts were also more excellent in the aspect of understanding the essence of literature. So according to the current criterion, Wang Kaiyun＇s self-conscious research on the essence of poetry, i.e. the emotions expression and aesthetic character, has surpassed his times in a certain degree. We can regard the period from the Wei and Jin Dynasties to the Ming and Qing Dynasties as a whole and study the whole course of the literary self - consciousness from this angle of view. People in the Ming and Qing Dynasties got insights into lyric and aesthetic characters of the Six Dynasties poetry, which is a course of new self- consciousness in literature, culminating at Wang Kaiyun.