三角帆蚌钩介幼虫在5种寄主鱼体寄生效果的比较

Comparison of the Parasitism Effect of Glochidia of Triangle Mussel(Hyriopsis cumingii)in Five Host Fishes

选用黄颡鱼、草鱼、鲢、鳙和鲫作为三角帆蚌(Hyriopsis cumingii)的寄主鱼,分析了寄苗悬液钩介幼虫密度和寄苗时间对5种鱼初始寄苗量的影响,并对寄生在这5种鱼上的钩介幼虫发育情况进行了观察。结果表明:无论高密度寄苗还是低密度寄苗,长时间寄苗还是短时间寄苗,黄颡鱼和草鱼的寄苗量都明显高于鲢、鳙和鲫。提高寄苗悬液钩介幼虫密度,寄主鱼的寄苗量显著增加,但增加寄苗时间,寄主鱼的寄苗量未见显著提高。黄颡鱼和草鱼的稚蚌脱苗率显著高于鲢、鳙和鲫,寄生在鲢、鳙和鲫鳃上的钩介幼虫约80%未发育至稚蚌便提前脱落。不论在寄苗量方面,还是在稚蚌脱苗率方面,黄颡鱼和草鱼均是三角帆蚌钩介幼虫的最佳寄主。

Yellow catfish（ Pelteobagrus fulvidraco ） , grass carp（ Ctenopharyngodon idellus ）, silver carp（ Hypophthalmichthys molitrix ）, bighead carp（ Aristichthys nobilis ）, crucian carp （Carassius auratus ）were selected as hosts for the glochidia of triangle mussel in this study. The effects of parasitic density of glochidia and parasitic time on the quantity of glochidia infested on hosts were studied. The development of glochidia was also investigated. The results showed that either higher or lower parasitic density of glochidia, either longer or shorter parasitic time, the quantity of glochidia infested on yellow catfish and grass carp was obviously higher than that on silver carp, bighead and crucian carp. The quantity of glochidia infested on hosts increased significantly with the increasing of the parasitic density ; while no obvious change exhibited when parasitic time increased. The rate of juvenile to glochidia parasitized in yellow catfish and grass carp was obviously higher than that in silver carp, bighead and crucian carp. Approximate 80% of glochidia parasitized in silver carp, bighead and crucian carp did not metamorphosed successfully to juvenile until it broke off from host. To either the quantity of glochidia infested on host or the rate of juvenile, yellow catfish and grass carp were the best two hosts.