影响大鼠吗啡依赖和戒断反应的实验因素

The Influence of Expeimetal Methods in the Exhibition of Mrphion Deoendence and Withdrawal Syndrome in Rats

在饮水中溶入硫酸吗啡，逐日提高吗啡浓度，ＳＤ大鼠在饮入吗啡后第１０天产生明显的吗啡依赖。而同样方法饮入盐酸吗啡效果较差。每日皮下注射盐酸吗啡或硫酸吗啡１周后，纳洛酮催瘾下的戒断症状均明显强于口服饮入硫酸吗啡鼠。慢性吗啡处理大鼠戒断状态下心血管功能受麻醉、药物依赖性程度及吗啡给入途径的影响；清醒动物纳洛酮催瘾时血压升高、心率加快；戊巴比妥麻醉下血压降低、心率减慢，而且自饮吗啡成瘾鼠麻醉状态下的降压窦缓反应强于皮下注射吗啡成瘾鼠。结论：经自饮摄入法诱导吗啡依赖大鼠时，硫酸吗啡的效果优于盐酸吗啡。判断吗啡依赖的程度和指标必须结合动物模型的建立方法来确定。

Morphine physical dependence was induced on day 10 in SD rats by daily administration of morphine sulphate(MS), but not morphine hydrochloride(MH), in their drinking water.With greater magnitude of naloxone induced withdrawal signs, the rats received daily twice subcutaneous injection of MS or MH for a week grew morphine dependence on day 7. The cardiovascular parameters during withdrawal syndrome in chronic morphine treatment rats showed variable changes according to the different experimental condition: In conscious rats intravenous administration of naloxone significantly increased the blood pressure and heart rate. In pentobarbital anaesthesia rats, however, it induced hypotension and bradycardia. Hypotension and bradycardia were more significant in morphinedrinking rats. Conclusion: Morphine sulphate is better than morphine hydrochloride in inducing morphine dependence in rats. The assessment of the severity of morphine dependence must use spectific parameter according to the methods by which physical dependence was induced.