青铜峡市2004年麻疹暴发疫情流行病学分析

ANALYSIS ON THE EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MEASLES OUTBREAKS IN QINGTONGXIA IN 2004

[目的]了解青铜峡市2004年麻疹暴发的原因。[方法]对每起麻疹暴发进行描述流行病学分析。[结果]青铜峡市2004年共发生5起麻疹暴发,疫情波及5个乡(镇),累计报告发病48例,占本年度发病总数的53.33%,无死亡病例。麻疹暴发有明显的季节性,主要集中在4～5月;发病年龄为4～16岁,均为在园、在校幼托儿童及学生。本市人口暴发2起,发病9例,占暴发总数18.75%,外来人口暴发2起,发病30例,占暴发总数62.50%,混合型暴发1起,发病9例,占暴发总数的18.75%。麻疹疫苗(MV)常规免疫工作开展差,疫情报告不及时,实验室监测不完善等延误了采取应急预防控制措施,是造成疫情蔓延的主要原因。[结论]麻疹暴发是影响青铜峡市麻疹疫情的主要因素,流动儿童麻疹暴发在麻疹暴发中具有重要意义,预防和控制麻疹暴发仍是目前加速控制麻疹的主要任务。

[Objective] To probe the reason of measles outbreak in Qingtongxia eity and further prevent and strengthen the control of measles prevalence. [ Methods] Descriptive epidemiology analysis was applied to analyze each incidence of measles outbreak. [Results] In 2004, five times of measles outbreaks were seen in Qingtongxia city and covered five eounties. 48 reported cases aceounted for 53.33% among the annual incidence number, but no ease was reported died. The investigation indicated that measles outbreaks were seasonal and mostly broke out from March to May, targeting at the population of the age from 4 years old to 16. 2 outbreaks were seen in emigrants of 30 cases, accounting for 62.50% in total, I time of outbreak was seen in mixed population of 9 cases, accounting for 18.75% in total. Substandard common practice of MV. delayed report of infectious disease and incompetent monitoring of laboratory delayed the action which meted the emergency, which was the main reason of the overspreading of epidemic situation. [Conclusion] Measles outbreaks were the main factor to affect measles epidearie of Qingtongxia city, and flowing children outbreaks plays an important role in measles outbreak. So the prevention and control of measles outbreaks remain the main task to accelerate measles control at present.