通江县流行性乙型脑炎流行病学分析及防控对策探讨

EXPLORATION OF PREVENTION AND CONTROL STRATEGIES AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS ON EPIDEMIC ENCEPHALITIS TYPE B IN TONGJIANG COUNTY

[目的]了解通江县1991￣2006年流行性乙型脑炎(乙脑)发病趋势和流行特征,探讨其预防控制(防控)对策。[方法]采用描述流行病学分析乙脑疫情资料。[结果]通江县1991￣2006年乙脑年均发病率、死亡率、病死率分别为3.76/10万、0.12/10万、3.11%,各年度均呈散发状态,后8年平均发病率(4.76/10万)明显高于前8年(2.71/10万)。从乙脑发病趋势看,在16年中共出现3次流行波峰,以2001年波峰最高,1991￣2001年疫情总体呈上升趋势,2001年以后总体呈下降趋势,其中2002￣2004年呈明显下降趋势,2005年开始呈上升趋势。从乙脑流行特征看,铁佛、麻石、至诚、洪口、瓦室、广纳、沙溪片区为历年的高发地区,8月份为发病高峰(占64.59%),发病年龄以2￣7岁居多(占72.49%),职业以散居儿童居多(占52.87%)。[结论]应当进一步加强乙脑防控工作,重点采取以广泛开展健康教育、大力实施乙脑疫苗预防接种、积极开展群众性爱国卫生运动以及加强疫情监测和乙脑患者救治为主的综合性预防措施。

[ Objective ] To investigate the incidence trend and epidemiological characteristics of Japanese B Encephalitis （JE） in Tongjiang County during 1991-2006, and to study the strategies on prevention and control. [Methods] To analyze the data of epidemic situation by the method of descriptive epidemiology. [ Results] During 1991-2006, the annual incidence rate, mortality rate and fatality rate in Tongjiang county were 3.76/100 000, 0.12/100 000, 3.11%, respectively. The incidence of each year was highly sporadic; the annual average incidence of the later 8 years （4.76/100 000） was significantly higher than that of the early 8 ）,ears （2.71/100 000）. Three wave crests were seen during 16 years with the highest wave crest in 2001. The epidemic situation increased during 1991-2001 and descended in total after 2002, further, the incidence significandy descended during 2002-2004 but increased since 2005. The epidemiological characteristics showed that the high incidence areas in past years were villages of Tiefo, Mashi, Zhicheng, Hongkou, Washi, Guangna and Shaxi, the peak was seen in August, most of the cases were among the age group of 2-7 years which accounted for 72.49% and the occupation of children from scattered localities accounted for 52.87%. [Conclusion] The control and prevention of JE should be further improved with the key point of taking comprehensive intervention into practice, mainly composed of developing health education widely, JE immunization, developing mass patriotic health campaign, strengthening surveillance on epidenfic situation and treating patients.