降低临床输血风险和输血误差的应对措施

COUNTERMEASURE OF REDUCING RISK AND ACCIDENT OF BLOOD TRANSFUSION IN CLINIC

[目的]本文通过分析临床输血风险和潜在风险以及避免或者最大限度的减少这些风险所应该采取的措施和策略,以及出现了输血风险应该采取的对策提供科学依据。[方法]收集全国部分输血和输血相关文献及珠海临床输血近10年的经验教训进行综合分析。[结果]珠海市经过10年的努力成分输血率由1997年的53.0%到2007年的99.8%以上,特别是落实两个《规范》后,临床用血更加合理,无偿献血率由1997年的68.0%上升到现在一直保持100.0%,由于血源问题得到了有效的解决,献血者经血传播疾病的检出率逐年降低;梅毒由1997年的1.25%下降到2007年的0.46%;乙肝由1997年的6.3%下降到2007年的2.0%。[结论]落实《临床输血规范》和《血站质量管理规范》可以最大限度减少输血风险。

[Objective]This article reviewed the risk and potential risk of blood transfusion and measures and strategies which should be taken to avoid and utmost reduce these risk as well as provided scientific basis for countermeasures against risk of blood transfusion, [ Methods] The related literatures about blood transfusion in our Country, and experience about clinical blood transfusion in recent 10 years were collected and performed aggregate analysis. [Results] By ten years of hard work; the rate of component blood transfusion inereased form 53;0% in 1997 to 99.8% in 2007. Especially after implementing the two documents of ‘STANDARDS＇, it was more reasonable to use blood in clinic, and the rate of volunteering blood donor increased to 100.0% in 2007 which was 68.0% in 1997. Due to the effective resolution of blood supply, the detection rate of diseases of blood donors transmitted by blood was decreased by years; By statistics, the rate of syphilis was decreased from 1.25% in 1997 to 0.46% in 2007; while the rate of HVB was decreased from 6.3% in 1997 to 2.0% in 2007; [Conclusion] Implementation of ;Clinical Transfusion Norms＂ and ＂Quality Management Standards＂ can greatly reduce the risk of blood transfusion.