论朱熹的道教史观

Zhuxi's Historical Notion of Daoism

试图从朱熹自己的说法出发,对朱熹所认为的道教所指,道教人物关系,以及他对宋代道教的评价等问题做一简单梳理。我们认为,朱熹所指的道教包括道家,同时涉及方士方术、黄老道以及后来的张陵五斗米道等,他们分属道教的不同方面和发展阶段。老、庄、列、杨等先秦人物都被朱熹明确纳入道教体系,在时间上以老、杨、列、庄为序,并对老、庄思想进行了明确区分。对庄子师承问题,朱熹有保留地继承了韩愈的说法,比较含蓄地认为庄子出自儒家。对道教前期,也就是目前学界常说的先秦道家,朱熹评价颇高,但对宋代道教状况的评价却颇不乐观,持同情和批判的态度。

Now the studies on the relation of zhuxi and the daoism is plentiful, but in some sense, all those studies are inclined to pay their attention to the landscape orientation influence between the Confucianism and the Daoism, and little for zhuxi himself＇ s idea about the Daoism. so this paper tries to study zhuxi＇s own opinion upon the Daoism. This paper regards that in zhuxi＇s visual threshold the Taoist consists of DaoJia, Daoism and Fangshu,and HuangLaoDao, even includs WuDouMi Dao,and all of them belonged to different aspect and seedtime of the Daoism history. Zhuxi praised the prophase Daoism （DaoJia） in some sense,but his attitude towards Daoism in Song Dynasty was not so optimistic,maybe we should say his attitude was compassion and animadversion.