The fidelity of DNA synthesis by eukaryotic replicative and translesion synthesis polymerases

在他们描述脱氧核糖核酸双螺旋，沃森和克里克的结构写了什么可以是在科学文学的最大的保守的陈述之一的精液的出版，也就是那“这没疏忽特定的配对我们立即要求了为遗传物质建议可能的拷贝机制。“半个世纪以后，我们更充分欣赏它是与精确性复制 60 亿核苷酸的巨大的挑战需要稳定地在许多代上维持人的染色体的。这挑战也许比大 50 年以前被认识到，因为随后的研究表明了染色体能被在脱氧核糖核酸而且由现在质问到复制的正常脱氧核糖核酸的各种各样的顺序主题产生潜在地细胞毒素、诱变的损害的一个大数字和变化的环境压力使动摇不仅。向染色体稳定性的许多决定因素的更好的理解，这章考察 undamaged 和损坏脱氧核糖核酸与被拷贝的忠实，与真核细胞的 B 家庭和 Y 家庭 DNA 的一个焦点，并且考虑这忠实怎么被完成。

In their seminal publication describing the structure of the DNA double helix , Watson and Crick wrote what may be one of the greatest understatements in the scientific literature, namely that ＂It has not escaped our notice that the specific pairing we have postulated immediately suggests a possible copying mechanism for the genetic material.＂ Half a century later, we more fully appreciate what a huge challenge it is to replicate six billion nucleotides with the accuracy needed to stably maintain the human genome over many generations. This challenge is perhaps greater than was realized 50 years ago, because subsequent studies have revealed that the genome can be destabilized not only by environmental stresses that generate a large number and variety of potentially cytotoxic and mutagenic lesions in DNA but also by various sequence motifs of normal DNA that present challenges to replication. Towards a better understanding of the many determinants of genome stability, this chapter reviews the fidelity with which undamaged and damaged DNA is copied, with a focus on the eukaryotic B- and Y-family DNA polymerases, and considers how this fidelity is achieved.