心理的时间结构及时间关联性的实证研究

The Temporal Structure of Mind and Its Factors

针对以往关于时间透视的看法和获得的时间透视结构或因素混乱的状况,我们以过往研究的并集为探索范围,编制了一份综合性问卷。对问卷调查资料的因素分析结果表明,除人们经常看到的指向性和广柔性(广度)等因素之外,我们发现在时间属性方面还包括流逝感、变奏感、宽松度以及时间不变性等时间透视因素,而在时间态度方面除计划性外,还有时间超然度、时间消逝的平淡度、时间脆性、无聊厌倦度、时间利用的现实性和非自主感等。在过去时间透视方面,除过去拒绝度外,还包括脱离苦海心有余悸感、美好不再感、向过去投射、过去潜意识作用、苦中乐等因素。指向现在的因素,除快乐充实度外,还有"抓住现在时光"等。在心理的时间关联性或一致性方面,则包括自我的时间关联性、社会的时间关联性、生活事务的关联性、自我时间失落感、非我时间流逝、无我时间、过去和将来对现在的压力、非自主时间感等。密度方面也包括多个因素,它们分别反映了现在事件密度、未来事件密度、过去苦难密度和时间流动密度,以及时间流动密度的变化等等。这使我们认为,时间透视实质上是指心理在时间上的透视(结构),而不仅仅限于传统上所认为的是关于时间的心理(透视)的看法。

The study investigated the temporal structure of mind with a questionneaire made by ourselves. The result of the factor＇ analysis of the questionnaires shows that, apart from some properties such as extension, coherence, directionality, density, clarity, attitude, at the feeling of property of time there are also time-run-on-sense, time-running-on-variability, temporal looseness, which are called ＇factors of experience of time. In the aspect of attitude towards time, apart from plan, there are otherworldliness, everydayness, boredom, unreality. We also found out that the Past Time Perspective includes not only the past rejection but fluttery-with-fear, nicety-being-no-longer, etc, and the Present TP not only happiness but the feeling of catching the present. The factors related to mental coherence in time found out through this investigation are self-timing coherence, social-timing coherence, livingmatter coherence, self-time-loosing, etc. The density is not only one simple factor as found in some studies before, but includes multiple factors that reflect density of present and future events, tribulation in the past, velocity of time passing away and its variability.