麦类作物化感作用种质资源筛选与评价

Screening and evaluation of allelopathic potential in triticeae crops germplasms

以来自国内外的289份大麦品种和90份小麦品种为材料,进行室内化感潜力评价和田间试验考察其抗草性能,结果表明,供试大麦材料中有36个品种(占总数12.5%)显示出较强的化感作用潜力;22个品种(占总数的7.9%)显示较弱或无化感作用潜力.54个田间抗草性能较好的大麦品种中37个品种在室内化感潜力评价中对莴苣根长的抑制率(inhibitoryrate,IR)>50%.从供试小麦材料中筛选出5个特强化感潜力品种,分别为81-214、115/青海麦、百泉3199、92L89和92H31,对莴苣根长的IR依次为69.1%、68.5%、68.7%、69.1%和65.2%;13个品种(占总数的14.4%)显示出较弱或无化感作用潜力.抗草性能较强的36个小麦品种中,有13个品种室内对莴苣IR≥50%.大麦、小麦品种间都存在化感作用潜力的基因型差异,且其化感作用特性会受环境因素的影响.

289 barley and 90 wheat accessions introduced from home and abroad were used to evaluate the interior allelopathic potential and weed suppression in the field. The results were summarized as follows： of 289 barley accessions, 36 （12.5%） showed high allelopathic potential; 22 （7.9%） showed low allelopathic potential. 37 cuhivars showed high allelopathic potential by significantly inhibiting root growth of lettuce （ Lactuca sativa L. ） in the laboratory screening （ IR 〉 50% ） in 54 barley accessions of better weed suppression. Five wheat accessions,115/Qinghaimai, 92L89, Baiquan3199, 81-214 and 92H31 performing high allelopathic potential in the suppression on the growth of lettuce root, were screened by ASSM, whose inhibitory rates （IR） against lettuce root were 69.1% , 68.5% , 68.7% , 69.1% and 65.2% respectively; 13 accessions （14.4%） showed low or no allelopathic potential. 13 cultivars showed high allelopathic potential by significantly inhibiting root growth of lettuce （IR≥50%） in the laboratory screening in 36 wheat accessions of better weed suppression. The result demonstrated that there was a considerable genetic variation of alllelopathic activity in the germplasms of triticeae crops and the alllelopathic activity was easily affected by environment.