文学的哲思——论启蒙时代“从哲思到小说”的法国哲理小说

Philosophical Thinking about Literature——French Philosophical Novels in the Enlightenment Era

哲理小说是法国启蒙时期独有的文学样式。伏尔泰、卢梭、狄德罗等作家以启蒙时代的哲学精神改造了过去被视为低级体裁的小说文体,在哲学与文学之间建立了深刻的联系,从而实现了文学内部的他化转移。尽管现代小说的时空概念、美学原则、叙事方法尚未确立,但哲理小说直面社会现实,思考风俗、政治、道德、信仰等领域的重大问题,提升了小说的视野境界、思想深度、批判精神,为小说文体带来了新的活力和发展动力。

Philosophical novels are the unique literary form in the French Enlightenment era. Writers, such as Voltaire, Rousseau and Diderot, transformed the previously called rudimentary style of novel with the philosophical spirit of the Enlightenment era, and established profound links between philosophy and literature so that the internal transformation of literature was realized. Though the concepts of time and space, aesthetic principles and ways of narration in modern novels haven＇t been created, philosophical novels raise the level of viewing, thinking and criticism by facing the social reality, considering the problems of customs, politics, moral and beliefs, therefore they bring vigorousness and motivation to the development of literature.