摘要
社区获得性肺炎(community acquired pneumonia,CAP)的病原谱国内外有所差异,国外调查资料以肺炎链球菌为其首位病原体,非典型病原体是重要病原体。国内CAP病原体则以非典型病原体为主,肺炎链球菌所占比例相对较低。肺炎链球菌的耐药率因地而异。血清非典型病原体抗体检测和尿中各种肺炎病原体抗原检测是CAP病原体诊断的重要措施。聚合酶链反应诊断CAP病原体具有广阔的应用前景。抗菌药物早期静脉-口服切换和缩短抗菌药物疗程是CAP治疗方面的进展之一。
Community-acquired pneumonia(CAP) is one of major issues to the health of human around world. The etiology of CAP varies among different areas. The single most prevalent organism of CAP is Streptococcus pneumoniae in most countries, while two multi-center studies in China showed that it was Mycoplasma pneumoniae or Haemophilus influenzae. Atypical pathogens have contributed significantly to the etiology of CAP. The antimicrobial susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae varies according to the areas. The serum antibody and urinary antigen tests are common available for establishment of causative pathogens of CAP. Polymerase chain reaction is the potential diagnostic technique for some pathogens. Both effectiveness of early switch from intravenous to oral antibiotics and short duration of antibiotics therapy in CAP come into focus.
出处
《国际呼吸杂志》
2008年第4期219-222,共4页
International Journal of Respiration
关键词
社区获得性肺炎
病原学
诊断
治疗
Community-acquired pneumonia
Etiology
Diagnosis
Treatment