情态表达与时体表达的互相渗透--兼谈语气助词的范围确定

The Mutual Evolutions between the Modal System and the Tense-aspect System

时间指示系统与情态指示系统间存在着演变关系,语气助词作为一种情态标记,也极有可能和时体标记存在关联。"了2、的"是否为语气助词的争论,以及"呢、来着、着呢、啦、啊"等与时体表达间的交叉,实质上反映了人类语言的一种普遍现象。汉语中,时间指示系统和情态指示系统间的演变是双向的。语气助词是一个原型范畴,有典型成员和非典型成员的差别。

There is evolvement relationship between the time deixis system and the modal system in the human languages. Thus, the sentence-final particles（SFP） as modal markers in Chinese have potentiality to be related to tense/aspect markers. The dispute about whether ＂le＂ ＂de＂ ave SCPs or not, and the fact that SCPs ＂ne, laizhe, zhene, la,a＂ ave used to express the tense-aspect meanings, actually reflects the universal phenomenon among the human languages. In Chinese there exists mutual evolutions between the time deixis system and the modal system. Being a word class, the SCP is also a prototypical category which has typical members and non-typical members.