公共服务设施可达性及其对新建住房价格的影响——以北京中心城为例

Spatial Accessibility of Housing to Public Services and Its Impact on Housing Price: A Case Study of Beijing's Inner City

本文基于北京市公共服务设施的地理空间信息数据,采用最短距离指标定量分析了商品住房对教育、医疗、体育、文化、商业、绿地公园等6大类公共服务设施的空间可达性(以下简称"可达性"),并通过Hedonic特征价格模型定量分析可达性对商品住房价格的影响。研究结果表明:1)按照"最短距离"可达性比较,商品住房对绿地公园、医院和健身场所可达性最好,而对大型商场、文化设施、体育场馆的可达性较差;2)按照商品住房的区位和价格比较,城市四环以内和高价商品住房组别对公共服务设施的可达性明显优于其它组别;3)特征价格模型的定量分析表明,重点高中、球类场馆、文化设施和绿地公园这4种公共服务设施的可达性越好,则商品住房价格越高,即目前北京市公共服务设施的规划布局在一定程度上被资本化入商品住房价格。

Based on the GIS data o f Beijing＇s public facilities, this paper evaluates the accessibility of housing to six types of public facilities, namely educational facility, medical care facility, sports facility, culture facility, shopping facility and parks, in Beijing＇s inner city. By calculating the Nearest-Distance Accessibility from newly built residential projects to each category of public facilities as well as employing the traditional Hedonic price model, this paper empirically tested the impact of accessibility to public facilities on housing prices. The results of this paper show that, firstly, in terms of Nearest-Distance Accessibility Criteria, parks, hospitals and gyms are the most easily accessible public facilities while shopping centers, culture facilities and Sports Center （as expressed by ‘Game＇ in the paper） are among the hardest accessible group. Secondly, when grouping the housing units by location and price level, it turns out that houses within 4th Ring Road as well as higher price groups will enjoy better accessibility to public facilities. Third, there exists positive correlation between the accessibility of housing to key high schools, sports centers, cultural facilities and parks and the housing prices, which implies that the externalities of these public facilities shall have well been capitalized into housing prices.