国内外旅游度假区孤岛效应研究进展

Progress in the Study of Tourism Impact on Resorts Both at Home and Abroad

作为旅游度假区与旅游影响效应研究的交叉领域,旅游度假区的孤岛效应问题不仅关系着度假区的可持续发展,也关系着旅游影响效应研究的广度和深度。本文在对国内外核心期刊上公开发表的相关文献,以及对国家自然科学基金项目结题报告进行梳理的基础上,对度假区的孤岛效应研究进行了回顾和综合分析,总结出度假区飞地带来的五大负面影响效应,即正规旅游企业对旅游摊点的排挤、经济漏损、当地社区居民与游客沟通联系受限、当地社区居民就业机会少和就业层次低、外来资本取代社区对旅游发展的控制权,得出纵向时序与比较分析法是研究旅游度假区孤岛效应的主要方法。本文通过对国内外旅游度假区孤岛效应研究进展的分析和把握,旨在为我国度假区孤岛效应问题的解决提供途径和指导,从而实现旅游度假区的永续发展。

As a crossed field of tourism resort study and tourism impact study, tourism resorts not only affect the sustainable development of resorts, but also concern the depth and extent of impact study. Based on the analysis of published papers on resort impact study both home and abroad, such as Tourism Management and Annals of Tourism Research, this paper intends to re- view and evaluate the progress in study of tourism impact on resorts, especially the tourism im- pacts brought by enclave resorts. Five aspects of negative impacts of enclave resorts are elaborated in detail： 1） informal sectors being squeezed out by formal sectors in the process of resort development; 2） high economic leakage resulting from import and export; 3） contact and interacmanual jobs provided for community residents; and 5） residents lose the control of tourism development due to foreign ownership of facilities. The understanding of studies on enclave resort overseas could help to analyze similar phenomena emerging in the development of resorts in China. By doing so, we can not only get reference of furthering tourism impact study of resorts in China, but also obtain effective solutions to the existing problems of tourism impacts of Chinese resorts.