义乌市小学教师嗓音言语疾患及其相关因素分析

The Prevalence of Voice and Speech Disease and the Influencing Factors Among Primary School Teachers in Yiwu

目的了解浙江省义乌市小学教师嗓音言语疾病患病现状及成因,指导小学教师做好嗓音言语疾病防治工作。方法对义乌市城区及农村部分小学教师采用自制的"小学教师嗓音保健调查表"进行问卷调查及耳鼻咽喉专科检查。结果1027名小学教师中,检出声音嘶哑者285名,检出率为27.75%,女性检出率明显高于男性;小学一、二年级教师检出率最高,喉部检查结果以声带小结和慢性喉炎最多。造成小学教师嗓音言语疾病高发的因素除过度用嗓外,与教师的生活习惯、胃食管反流、噪声污染、环境污染等密切相关。结论小学教师嗓音言语疾病检出率较高,应采取相应防治措施。

Objective To study the prevalence of voice and speech diseases and the causes among primary school teachers in Yiwu,and to direct the teachers to prevent voice and speech diseases. Methods A self-designed questionnaire was used to survey 1 027 primary school teachers in Yiwu, and medical examination was conducted with laryngoscopy and gastroscopy. Results The detection rate of hoarseness was 27.75% （285/ 1 027 ） ,and the rate was higher in female than in male. The highest detection rate was found among the teacher of grade one and grade two. The diseases were mainly vocal nodules and chronic laryngitis. The diseases were mainly vocal nodules and chronic laryngitis. The causes to voice and speech diseases were over-using throat,living habits,regurgitation of stomach or oesophagus,noises and environmental pollution. Conclusion The dection rate of voice and speech diseases is high among primary school teachers, and prevention measures should be taken.