叙述在否定中展开——四句破，符号方阵，《黄金时代》

Negativity in Narrativity:Tetrelemma,Semiotic Square and The Golden Era

本文试图论证叙述情节推进的动力是否定性的。王小波的《黄金时代》的情节逻辑，上半篇可以用佛家的“四句破”来解释，其中的否定已经非常复杂。但是情节的进一步展开需要更加根本的否定性，格雷马斯方阵提供了一个静态的多重否定方式。但是《黄金时代》的叙述逻辑证明，有必要把它改造成一个在纯否定中运动的开放过程。在多层往复的否定运动之后，就有可能穿透文本，看到历史运动留在叙述缝隙中的痕迹。

The essay attempts to demonstrate that the driving force behind narrativity is constant negativity. The logic behind plot of The Golden Age, however unique, could be explained by the Buddhist conception of Tetralemma. But the further development of the plot calls for a more radical negativity. The Greimas Square provides a scheme of multiple, but static, negation. The plot strategy of The Golden Age proves that the semiotic square should be turned into a dynamic process of pure negation. When negativity is carried far enough, it is then possible to penetrate the text and, in the fractures of the narrative, reveal the traces left by the movement of history.