企业网络和群体空间--产业集群的经济学解释及对经济学的挑战

Firm Network and Population Space:An Explanation from Economics on Industrial Cluster and Its Challenges to Economics

文章分别讨论了现有企业理论、产业组织理论和区域经济理论对产业集群的解释,以及产业集群对诸理论提出的挑战,考察了一体化大企业和集群化企业网络是产业和经济发展的两个作用相似而逻辑相反的过程,揭示了一体化和分体化、内部化和外部化是获取和实现规模经济的两种不同方式,说明了产业集群发展中的区域不仅是一个产业分布的地理空间,而且是一个人们群居的群落空间。进而证明了,产业集群是一种具有生物学特征的复杂经济系统,只有沿着"经济学的麦迦是经济生物学,而不是经济动力学"的方向前进,才能有所突破和前进。

This paper discusses respectively the explanations on industrial cluster based on the firm theory,industrial organization theory and regional economic theory,and the challenges to these theories proposed by industrial cluster.In addition,it maintains that the integrated large firm and clustering firm network are two key economic organization patterns on the process of industry and economy development with similar functions but opposite logic.This paper,based on the analysis,reveals that integration and de-integration,internalization and externalization are two different methods for obtaining and realizing scale economy,and expounds that the region of industrial cluster development is not only one geographical space of industry distribution but also one population space for people's congregation inhabitancy.Hence it proves that industrial cluster is a kind of complex economic system with biological features,and points out that industrial cluster research can be developed and be of some breakthrough only when the research goes in the direction of the saying 'The Micah of economics is economy-biology,instead of economy-kinetics'.