干旱生态环境及水资源对全球气候变暖响应的研究进展

Progress in Response of Arid Eco-environment and Water Resource to Global Warming

西北地区现代气候变化基本特征是冬暖夏干,采用脆弱度和影响指数方法定量评价了生态环境对全球气候变暖响应,重点阐述了西北现代气候变化对干旱生态环境和水资源这两个领域的影响.结果表明:由于现代气候变干变暖的自然和人为因素的共同作用,导致我国西北地区的黄土高原、黑河流域、石羊河流域、甘南高原和黄河首曲的地域生态环境有不断退化的趋势.气候变干使渭河上游、黄河上游(洮河和大夏河)以及黄土高原中部7条主要河流的径流量呈明显下降趋势,引起水资源短缺.

The main characteristics of arid climate change, such as warming winter and dry summer in northwest region were reviewed. And the results about response of arid eco-environment and water resource to climate change were discussed emphaticly. Then the fragility degree and influence index, as the method of quantitative evaluation eco-environment, were put forward. Owing to cooperated effect between natural factors like climate dry or warming and human factors, the eco-environment has been deteriorated day by day in Loess Plateau, Heihe Basin, Shiyang River Basin, Gan- nan Plateau and the first meander of Yellow River. Also due to climate dry, there is a decrease trend in the annual runoff of upper reaches of Weihe River and Yellow River （Taohe and Daxia River） and 7 main rivers in the middle Loess Plateau, which bring the water resource in short supply.