突破笛卡儿式传统的维特根斯坦

Wittgensteiin:Breaker of Descartes Tradition

维特根斯坦在其著述中,没有一处提到过笛卡儿。但他清醒地意识到,其反对和批判的是哲学中的某个思潮、某种哲学,即笛卡儿式传统。突破笛卡儿式传统是维特根斯坦哲学工作的内在动力。笛卡儿式传统的主要特征是,天赋观念、理智至上的立场以及身心二元论和数学化、理性独立化的哲学方法。维特根斯坦的突破性贡献是,他把哲学看作是一种活动,而不是理论体系;通过私人语言论证,试图在行为主义和内省主义之间开辟一条中间道路。

In Wittgenstein＇s works,there is not a single work which does not mention Descartes. However, he is fully aware that what he opposes and criticizes is, in philosophy, some ideological trend or a certain philosophy, namely, the tradition in the style of Descartes ,which is featured for his position on the concepts of innate nature and sense first, his bodymind dualism and his philosophical methods of mathematization and sense-independences. To break through this tradition is the inner dynamic for Wittgenstein in his work on philosophy. His marvelous breakthrough contribution is that he regards philosophy as an activity,other than a theoretical system;he tries to blaze a middle road between behaviorism and introspectivism by means of private language confirmation.