小型猪涩脉模型的建立与评价

Establishment and Evaluation of an Unsmooth Pulse Teaching Model of Mini-Pigs

目的基于小型猪的生理特点及循环系统与人类极为相似的特征,通过药物对其造模,建立一种新型的脉诊动物教学模型并对其进行评价。方法选用中华实验用成年小型猪6只(体重20±1.6 kg,选取心率<100次/min)。采用戊巴比妥钠麻醉,定位取脉位置,切脉后,用NX-8型脉诊仪同步采取正常脉图、二导心电图,血流动力学参数,血流变学指标。耳大静脉心得安注射液及葡聚糖T-500静脉给药进行造模,观察造模后一般情况(心率、皮肤颜色)及指下脉形变化,同步描记脉图及二导心电图,涩变后记录数值:不同时间点的心率变化;主波高(HB)、升支斜率(S up)、降支斜率(S down)、降中峡位置(即降中峡高/主波高HE/HB)、升支时间/脉波周期(TAB/TAG)、主波峰时间/脉波周期(TB/TAG);并采集造模后血流动力学及血流变学各项参数。结果6头小型猪均造模成功,指下感觉涩变明显;脉图变化显著;与造模前相比HB、S up、S down、HE/HB、TAB/TAG、TB/TAG差异均有显著性(除S downP<0.05外,其余均P<0.01)。血流动力学及血流变学相关参数差异也均有显著。讨论通过运用小型猪建立涩脉模型成功、方法可靠,小型猪应用于脉诊教学实验方法简便、损伤小、可重复运用,有充分的可行性,以此为基础可以建立多种脉诊模型,以补充脉诊实验教学中的空白。

Objective Since mini-pigs have similar characteristics with human physiological features and circulatory system, the aim of this study was to establish and evaluate a new animal unsmooth pulse model by using chemical drugs and to use the new model as a teaching model. Methods Six Chinese mini-pigs （5-6 months old with 20 ± 1.6 kg weight and heart rate lower than 100 per minutes） were included in this experiment. Pentobarbital sodium was administered intraperitonealy for anesthesia. After localization of the pulse site, a NX-8 multifunctional sphygmograph was used to obtain normal pressure sphygmogram and ECG Ⅱ Propranolol and dextran T-500 were injected into the medial greater vein in the ear to produce the required pulse diagnosis model. The general condition （heart rate, skin color ） and finger＇s pulse changes in the pigs were observed simultaneously with the recording by NX-8 multifunctional sphygmograph and ECG Ⅱ The height of B wave （ HB ）, mean slope up （S up） ,mean slope down （S down） ,interval between point A and E wave （HE/HB） ,time of slope up/pulse rate, time of B wave/pulse rate （TB/TAG） were recorded. The values of the heart rate at 3^rd minute,5^th minute, 10^th minute, 15^th minute ,20＇h minute and 25＇h minute, and the values of hemodynamie and hemorheologieal parameters were also recorded. Result The required unsmooth pulse model was sueeessfully established in six mini-pigs. It was eleady observed that the normal pulse was changed into unsmooth pulse by pulse diagnosis with fingers. The sphygmogram changes in HB, S up, S down, HE/HB ,TAB/TAG, TB/TAG were significantly different in comparison with the values before model establishment. （except of S down P 〈 0.05, all the rest values were P 〈 0.01 ）. Remarkable changes of the hemodynamie and hemorheologie parameters were also observed. Discussion An unsmoofll pulse model has been successfully established in mini-pigs. This model can be used as a convenient, feasible, less-altered and repeatable tool in teaehing work. It will also enable us to establish several other types of animal pulse models to fulfill the needs of pulse experiment teaching tasks.