运动员应激应对策略探讨

Study on the Athlete's Strategies for Coping with Stress

运用文献研究法对应激、应对有关理论在体育领域内的应用研究进行了综述,旨在为以后的研究提供有益的参考。研究认为:专门针对运动员的应激、应对测量工具还有待进一步开发与完善;运动员较为突出的应激源为人际关系、运动受伤和比赛失利;情境因素对应激应对策略的影响还有待研究;积极的应对方式与运动员的焦虑呈正相关,消极的应对方式与焦虑呈负相关,但在某些应激情境下,逃避行为对降低焦虑程度有积极的短期效用;未来的研究趋势包括应激、应对测量工具的开发和认知评价的干预研究及应激应对策略的研究。

Through using the method of literature review, this paper carries on an overview on the application of the theories relevant to strategies for coping with stress in the sport field. The main purpose is to provide a beneficial reference for the future research. The result indicates that the measuring tools of sports strategies for coping with stress still need developing and perfecting. Interpersonal relations, exercise injuries and failures in competitions are the athlete＇ s comparatively obvious sources of stress. The factors of the situation, which influence strategies of coping with stress, still need more researches. The active coping style is positively interrelated with the athlete＇ s anxiety while the passive coping style is negatively interrelated with the athlete＇ s anxiety. Under some situations, evasive behaviors have an active effect in a short term for lowering degree of anxiety. The future research includes the development of measuring tools of stress, the further study of interference caused by evaluation of cognition, and researches of coping strategies of stress.