略论文学与意识形态之关系——从马克思的“意识形态”观谈起

On the Relationship between Literature and Ideology——Perspective in Marxist "Ideology"Concept

文学与意识形态存在着复杂微妙的关系。当文学作为主体去审美掌握客体世界时,它在本质上是不欢迎意识形态的入侵,但由于文学主客体整体构成中的意识形态成分的渗入,文学在内容上又可能出现某些意识形态成分,有时意识形态因素还很充分;当文学以客体的姿态与世界的需要主体发生关系时,文学将以自身为中介转化为功能性存在,在尊重自身美学品格的前提下,对世界的需要给予一定的满足,从而表现出某种意识形态的功能;当外在主体的要求无视文学本性,将其视为实现某种实用观念的工具的时候,这时的文学就有变成"时代精神的单纯的传声筒"的危险。

There is a complex relationship between literature and ideology. Literature does not like the invasion of ideology when it, as a subject, appreciates and grasps the objective world. However, some ideological elements will appear in the literary content because of the invasion of ideological elements in the whole construction of subject and object of literature. Sometimes, the ideological elements are sufficient. When literature, through the identity of object, connect with world＇s demanding subject, it will change into functional existence, with itself as intermediary agent. On the condition of respecting its own aesthetic quality, it will meet the world＇ s demand to a certain degree and thus shows certain ideological function. When external subject ignores literature＇s nature and changes it into some instruments to realize certain practical concept, there will be a danger of literature becoming ＂pure mouthpiece of spirit of times＂.