均相催化剂催化合成碳酸丙烯酯

Synthesis of propylene carbonate in the presence of various homogeneous catalysts

分别就单组分催化剂对ＣＯ２、环氧丙烷合成碳酸丙烯酯的催化活性进行了研究。实验结果表明，在单组分催化体系中，相转移催化剂，如十六烷基三甲基溴化铵、四丁基溴化铵对上述酯化反应具有较高的催化活性。此外，盐酸羟胺、三苯基膦也有一定的催化活性；在双组分催化体系中，ＫＩ／ＰＥＧ（聚乙二醇）体系具有很高的催化活性，能在较短时间内、较低的压力下高产率地得到碳酸丙烯酯，而某些金属盐、有机碱、季铵盐的适当组合。

Abstract The catalytic activities of single and double component catalysts for synthesizing propylene carbonate from carbon dioxide and propylene oxide were studied. The experimental results indicated that among the single component catalysts, phase transfer catalysts such as hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, tetrabutyl ammonium bromide had higher catalytic activities. In addition, oxammonium hydrochloride and triphenyl phosphine were also somewhat active. Among the double component catalysts, the combination of potassium iodide and polyethylene glycol showed very high catalytic activity, and propylene carbonate could be produced in high yield under moderate conditions by using the catalyst. Besides, the suitable combination of some metallic salts, organic bases and ammonium salts could also catalyze the reaction. In the catalytic system of KI/PEG, it was suggested that the K + cations were