事故致因理论与安全理念

Etiologies of accident and safety concepts

事故致因理论是安全科学的基本理论,是一个时期人们安全理念的集中反映。它涉及如何采取措施防止事故发生,以及谁应该对事故的发生承担责任等重大问题。从早期的事故频发倾向论到新近的系统理论事故模型,伴随着人们安全理念的不断变化,防止事故从着重对人的选择、教育和管理转向强调机械设备、生产条件的本质安全;防止事故的责任从劳动者转向设计者、管理者,从个人转向政府。

Etiologies of accident are very important for safety science, and reflect people＇ s safety concepts at given time. They expound how to prevent accidents and who will take responsibility for accident prevention. From early study of accident proneness to late STAMP, people＇ s safety concepts have significantly changed. Accident prevention from emphasizing education and enforcement on workers has turned to inherent safety of machineries and workplaces, and safety liability from workers to designers and managers, from individuals to governments.