行政赔偿违法归责原则的合理定位

The Rational Orientation of Transgression Criterion of Liability of Administrative Compensation

我国行政赔偿违法归责原则面临诸多问题,违法归责原则中的"法"不能等同于当前我国行政法体系中的"行政违法"之"法"。作为侵权法之特别法的行政侵权赔偿制度,其违法归责原则应定位于侵权法上的"行为违法",违法意味着注意义务的违反,可作为"过错客观化"之标准。这种认识可以克服目前违法归责原则面临的困境,使违法归责原则回归到过失责任原则。

The transgression criterion of liability of our administrative compensation is facing lots of problems. The meaning of ＂law＂ in transgression criterion of liability is not equivalent to the meaning of ＂law＂ in administrative transgression of Chinese administrative law system. The administrative compensation law, as the special law of tort law, its transgression criterion of liability should be oriented to the theory of act transgression in tort law, which means that the transgression is a violation of duty of care and could be taken as the criterion of ＂objectification of fault＂. Such cognition is helpful to overcome the adversity of transgression criterion of liability and regress the transgression criterion to the negligence criterion of liability.