试析我国《反垄断法》规制垄断协议的立法模式--以第13条和第14条中的兜底条款为考察对象

On Legislative Model of Regulations on Monopoly Agreement in Our Anti-Monopoly Law

各国反垄断立法对于规制垄断协议普遍采用一般条款的立法模式,这对执法机关、司法机关还是经营者而言,均具有积极意义。我国《反垄断法》并未采用概括禁止功能的一般条款,而是在列举典型垄断协议的基础上,将其他垄断协议的认定权交由国务院反垄断执法机构。在对《反垄断法》与"征求意见稿"、"一审稿"和"二审稿"进行比较的基础上,运用竞争自由与经济效率、行政执法与司法审查、干预幅度与干预负担这三对范畴进行分析,可找到我国不真正兜底条款的产生原因。

Most countries use general provisions to regulate the monopoly agreement in their anti - monopoly legislation, which is effective for all the execution authorities, judicial authorities and the undertakings. Instead of using general provisions for the general prohibition, our Anti - monopoly Law just enumerates some typical monopoly agreements and entitles the antimonopoly execution authorities of the State Council to identify other monopoly agreements. We should compares the Anti - monopoly Law with the draft for comment, the first draft and the second draft, then study the three couples of definitions, including free competition and economic efficiency, administrative execution and judicial review, the extent of interference and the burden of interference, to find out the cause of the unreal clause that involves all the details in China.