美、英司法审查受案标准的演化及其启示——以私人承担公共职能为考察对象

Development of Accepting standard of Judicial Review in America and England and its Lessons

起始于上世纪70年代末的公共行政改革,通过合同外包、行政分权等多种手段,使私人成为某些情况下公共职能的承担者。私人对公共行政的实质性参与,引发了诸多行政法问题,其中最紧迫的挑战在于如何将司法审查拓展至承担公共职能的私人主体,而这取决于司法审查受案标准的确定。美、英两国的司法审查已分别对私人承担公共职能作出了回应,即将"行为标准"纳入司法审查受案标准的判断体系,我国可考虑在现有的"主体标准"之下,扩展引入"公共职能"标准,以回应公共行政主体多元化的改革现实。

Administrative reform which began in the 70s of last century made private party be charged with public functions in some circumstances by ways private party causes new challenges to administrati review apply to private party who assumes public review. Both of America and England have respond of contracting - out, self - regulating, etc. This participation of ve law, among which the most critical one is how to make judicial functions. The solution lies in the accepting standard of judicial to this challenge by adopting the standard of ＂nature of function＂ in its accepting system of judicial review. China is facing the same challenge currently, so we could take other countries＇ experience to bring in the standard of ＂public function＂ to respond to the multiplicity of administrative subjects.