夜间不同时间睡眠剥夺对健康男性血清皮质醇及焦虑情绪的影响

Effects of sleep deprivation at different time during night on serum cortisol and emotion of healthy men

目的研究夜间两种不同时间的短期睡眠剥夺(SD)后健康青年男性血清皮质醇及焦虑情绪的变化,探讨轮班对机体生理节律的影响。方法SD分为两种方式:下半夜SD(24h允许睡眠时间0:00～3:00)和上半夜SD(24h允许睡眠时间3:00～6:00)。筛选10名健康青年男性先进入下半夜SD阶段,经过8天正常睡眠洗脱后,再进入上半夜SD阶段。每个SD阶段包括6天,即实行SD前1天、连续实行SD4天和恢复性睡眠1天。每个SD阶段中每日晨7:00抽取空腹血检测血清皮质醇浓度,同时进行状态焦虑量表评分。结果两种方式的SD均可引起皮质醇浓度下降(P<0.05);对同时间进程的皮质醇浓度进行配对t检验,发现SD4天后,下半夜SD的皮质醇浓度与上半夜比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);恢复睡眠1夜后两组的皮质醇浓度均上升至基线水平(P>0.05);相关性分析表明,下半夜SD时受试者的皮质醇浓度与SD天数呈负相关(r=-0.9547,P=0.012),上半夜SD时受试者的皮质醇浓度与SD天数无相关性(r=-0.3269,P=0.591)。两种方式SD的焦虑状态评分增高(P<0.01),且与SD天数呈正相关(下半夜SD:r=0.9903,P=0.001;上半夜SD:r=0.9460,P=0.015);恢复睡眠1夜后两组焦虑状态评分亦迅速下降,但仍然高于基线水平(P<0.05)。结论下半夜SD导致血清皮质醇的分泌减少更为明显,提示不同睡眠时间窗睡眠缺失对下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺皮质轴(HPA)活性的影响可能是不同的。在设计社会轮班系统时,应尽量避免在3:00～6:00进行睡眠剥夺,以保护人体的正常生理节律。

Objective To investigate the effects of short-term sleep deprivation（SD）at different time during night on serum cortisol level and emotion state of healthy men,and to find out the influence of work shift onto human circadian rhythm.Methods Two periods of sleep-time were deprived in the present study：the late-night SD（permitted to sleep from 0：00 to 3：00 each day）and the early-night SD（permitted to sleep from 3：00 to 6：00 each day）.Ten healthy male adults were chosen to undergo the late-night SD first,followed by normal sleeping for eight nights for washout,and then underwent early-night SD.Each SD period lasted 6 days,i.e.1 day before SD,4 days of SD and 1 day after SD for recovery.Fasting blood samples,for detection of serum cortisol,were collected at 7：00 am every SD day,and the state anxiety inventory（S-AI）scoring was done at the same time.Results The cortisol levels were lowered after 2 types of SD（P〈0.05）.Paired t test was applied to compare the cortisol levels at the same time course during the 2 different SD periods,and it was found that variance between late-night cortisol level and early-night cortisol level showed statistically significant difference（P〈0.05）.After one recovery night,the cortisol level of all the two SD groups was elevated to baseline（P〉0.05）.Dependability analysis showed that the cortisol level during the late-night SD period was negatively related to the SD days（r=-0.954 7,P〈0.05）,while no correlation with the SD days was found during the early-night SD period（r=-0.326 9,P〉0.05）.Both types of SD could elevate anxiety scores,which positively correlated with the SD days（late-night SD：r=0.990,P〈0.01,early-night SD：r=0.946,P〈0.05）.Anxiety scores rapidly dropped after one discovery night,but was still above the baseline（P〈0.05）.Conclusions The late-night SD may obviously decrease the serum cortisol concentration,implying different SD period might bring a different effect on the activity of HPA-axis.SD during 3：00-6：00 should be avoided in arranging a shift in work for the sake of keeping normal circadian rhythm of the workers.