临床实习护生健康促进生活方式及相关因素的研究

Survey of health-promoting lifestyles and correlative factors among nursing students in clinic

目的调查分析临床实习护生健康促进生活方式现状及其相关影响因素。方法研究人群为便利抽样所得的5个省市地区三级甲等教学医院的424名临床实习护生。研究工具包括健康促进生活方式量表、健康概念量表、健康行为自身效能量表、自觉健康状态量表及护生一般人口学资料问卷。结果临床实习护生的健康促进生活方式平均得分为67.41±14.79。36项条目平均得分值为1.87±0.41。不同人口学变量的护生在健康促进生活方式得分上差异有统计学意义;学习过健康促进课程的护生健康促进生活方式得分与没有学过者之间差异亦有统计学意义;居住情况、健康概念、健康行为自身效能3个变量对临床实习护生的健康促进生活方式具有影响力,可解释健康促进生活方式变异量的32.6%。在所有变量中,以自觉执行健康行为自身效能对健康促进生活方式的影响力最为明显。结论护理教育者和护生需要认真审视引起护生运动保健方面得分很低的原因;健康促进课程内容应该纳入正常的护理教学体系;护理教育者可以通过激发护生执行健康行为的潜能,增加其信心而促使她们采取正向的健康促进生活方式。同时,护理教育者自身的模范作用也有助于护生采取同样正向的生活方式。

Objective To explore health-promoting lifestyles and correlative factors among nursing students in the clinic. Methods Here was a cross-sectional descriptive study. Four hundred and twenty-four clinical nursing students who were practicing at the five tertiary affiliated teaching hospitals of medical universities in 2005 had been selected. The research instruments included 5 questionnaires： The Health-promoting Lifestyle Profile, Health Concept Scale, Perceived Health Status Scale, Perceived Health Self-efficacy Scale and Socio-demographic characteristics of respondents. Results The nursing students had a relatively poor health-promoting lifestyles with the mean of total score at 67.41, standard deviation was 14.79. The mean score of each item was 1.87, standard deviation was 0.41. There were significant differences in health-promoting lifestyles among nursing students who were in the various age groups, educational levels, living arrangements, and taken health promotion course or not. Living arrangement, health concepts and perceived health self-efficacy were contributed to the health-promoting lifestyles, which can explain 32.6 percent of its variance. Among these factors, perceived health self-efficacy was the strongest predictor of health-promoting lifestyles. Conclusions The research results may raise concern about the students＇ health-promoting lifestyles for rectifying the weaknesses. Nursing educators as well as nursing students need carefully examine the causes for the low rate of exercise. Moreover, health promotion course should be included in the nursing curriculum. Nursing educators could also motivate the students to perform good health practice and enhance their health self-efficacy. It would also lead to better health-promoting lifestyles by the instructors＇ role models.