冬小麦喷灌水量与产量关系研究

Study on the Relationship between the Sprinkling Water Volume and the Yield of Winter Wheat

[目的]研究喷灌模式下冬小麦耗水规律及喷灌水量与产量的关系。[方法]在冬小麦不同时期喷灌,探讨喷灌条件下冬小麦的分蘖动态及日耗水量、水分生产率的变化。[结果]各处理返青期到收割期的土壤水分变化最大,各处理拔节期后的土壤水分差异较大。各处理冬小麦的日耗水量在拔节期到灌浆期达到最大值,为4.25mm。各处理的冬小麦分蘖大体上都呈"几"字形变化,并验证了小麦分蘖动态与产量的关系。拔节-抽穗和抽穗-扬花期为冬小麦的需水关键期,此时多灌10mm水可提高产量400kg/hm2。产量最高处理的水分生产率为1.98kg/m3,不是最高但最经济。[结论]喷灌条件下需水关键期灌水和灌水量是影响冬小麦产量的主要原因。灌水量相同时拔节-抽穗期灌水更能提高小麦产量和水分利用效率。

[Objective] The research aimed to study water-consumption law of winter wheat and the relationship between the sprinkling water volume and the yield under sprinkling irrigation mode.[Method] By sprinkling winter wheat in different stages,the tillering dynamics of winter wheat and the changes of daily water-consumption amount and water productivity under the conditions of sprinkling irrigation were discussed. [Result] The soil water content in each treatment had most changes from regreening stage to harvesting stage. The soil water content in each treatment had greater differences after jointing stage, The daily water-consumption amount of winter wheat in each treatment reached the maximum value from the jointing stage to the filling stage, being 4.25 mm. The tillering of winter wheat in each treatment all showed the changes of increasing-decreasing-lncreaslng on the whole and the relationship between the tillering dynamics of wheat and the yield was validated. The jointing-heading stage and the heading-flowering stage were key water-requirement stages for winter wheat, under these conditions more irrigating 10 mm water could increase the yield of 400 kg/hm^2..The water productivity in the treatment with highest yield was not highest, being 1.98 kg/m^3, but most economical. [Conclusion] Under sprinkling conditions, irrigation in key water-requirement stage and the irrigation amount were main reasons that affected the yield of winter wheat. Irrigation in jointing- heading stage could increase the yield of wheat and water use efficiency when the volume of water was same.