2种牧草种子空间诱变效应研究

Study on the Space Mutagenic Effect of Two Herbage Seeds

[目的]研究空间条件对牧草种子的诱变效应。[方法]以未搭载种子为对照,观察经"实践八号"卫星搭载后的长江2号多花黑麦草和宝兴鸭茅种子的标准发芽率、物候期和农艺性状。[结果]搭载后长江2号多花黑麦草种子的发芽率为98.34%,宝兴鸭茅为78.66%,均高于对照,但发芽势均略降低。与对照相比,搭载后长江2号多花黑麦草的生育天数稍微增加,宝兴鸭茅的生育天数有所减少,均无明显差异。搭载后长江2号多花黑麦草的后期生长速度比对照快,宝兴鸭茅生长上相对于对照表现为先快后慢。搭载后长江2号多花黑麦草各农艺性状的变异系数远远大于对照,宝兴鸭茅的分蘖数与小穗数明显减少。[结论]空间搭载出现了变异植株,改良了牧草种质,可以获得有价值的育种材料。

[Objective] The purpose was to study the mutagenic effect of spatial condition on herbage seeds. [Method] With non-loaded seeds as CK, the standard germination rate of seeds, phonological phase and agronomic characters of Lolium multiflorum Lain. CV. Changjiang 2 and Doctylis glomerata L. CV. Baoxing ever loaded on ＂Practice 8＂ satellite were observed. [Result] After space loading, the germination rate of L. multiflorum Changjiang 2 was 98.34 % and that ofD. glomerata Baoxing was 78.66 %, which were higher than that of CK, But their germination potentials had some decrease. Compared with CK, the growth days of L, multiflorum Changjiang 2 increased little and that of D. glomerata Baoxing had some decrease after space loading,with their differences being not obvious. Compared with CK, the growth speed of L. multiflorum Changjiang 2 in the late stage was faster and D. glomerata Baoxing showed to grow first fast and then slowly after space loading. The variant coefficients of various agronomic characters of L. multifiorum Changjiang 2 were far bigger than that of CK and the tillers number and spikelets number of D. glomerata Baoxing reduced obviously after space loading. [Conclusion] Variant plants occurred in space loading and improved herbage germplasm, through which valuable breeding materials could be obtained.