优异菜豆种质资源特征评价及筛选

Characteristic Evaluation and Screening of Excellent Kidney Bean Germplasm Resource

[目的]筛选优异菜豆种质资源。[方法]调查445份菜豆的生物学、植物学特性,评价分析有突出特性及利用价值的材料。[结果]矮生品种162份,蔓生品种262份。圆棍形185份,中部微弯条形60份。荚色绿218份,浅绿150份。纤维少的218份,中等纤维的115份。肾形165份、椭圆形129份。品质上等的183份,中等的183份。早熟和中早熟202份,晚熟及中晚熟125份。抗病性强的品种267份,抗虫性强的品种133份,抗旱性强的品种82份,抗寒性强的品种84份,抗热性强的品种83份。菜豆蛋白质、Vc、VE及钙、铁、锌等矿物质含量丰富,相对营养价(RNV)较高。红豆宽Vc、钙的RNV分别为45.27、12.93。[结论]红豆宽等38份品种综合性状较好,品质优,适应性强,营养价值较高,有很好的推广价值,是很好的开发品种。

[Objective] The research aimed to screen out the excellent kidney bean germplasm resource. [Method] The biological and botanical characteristics of 445 materials of kidney bean were investigated and the materials that had prominent characteristics and utilization values were evaluated and analyzed. [Result] There were 162 shares of dwarfing varieties and 262 shares of sprawling varieties; 185 shares with round stick shape and 60 shares with slightly curved strip-shape; 218 shares with green pods and 150 shares with light green pods; 218 shares with few fiber and 115 shares with medium fiber; 165 materials with kidney shape and 129 materials with elliptic shape; 183 shares with superior quality and 183 shares with medium quality; 202 materials with premature and middle-early mature and 125 materials with late mature and middle-late mature; 267 varieties with strong disease-resistance, 133 varieties with strong insect-resistance, 82 varieties with strong drought-resistance, 84 varieties with strong cold-resistance and 83 varieties with strong heat-resistance. Kidney bean had abundant minerals such as protein, VC, VE, Ca, Fe and Zn with higher relative nutrition value （RNV）.The RNV of Vc and Ca in Hongdoukuan were 45.27 and 12.93 resp. [Conclusion] 38 varieties such as Hongdoukuan had better comprehensive characteristics, good quality, strong adaptability and higher nutrition value. So they had better popularization value and were better development varieties.