稻秆与鸡粪制作堆肥的可行性研究

Feasibility Study of Manufacturing Compost with Rice Straw and Chicken Manure

[目的]为稻秆的科学利用提供依据。[方法]将稻秆切成2、4、6、8、10cm长的段,浸泡10、30、60、120、180、240min,然后与鸡粪按1∶1、1∶1.5和1∶2进行堆肥,测定堆肥的温度、pH值、含水率和成分。[结果]切割长度6cm,浸泡时间180min时,稻秆含水量接近饱和。3种配比堆肥的温度55℃以上的天数达10d以上。随着堆肥天数的增加,含水率呈下降趋势,但一直在适宜范围内,不需要加水。3种配比的物料pH值在堆肥初期迅速升高,然后回落,最后稳定在7左右。鸡粪的比例越高,堆肥中N、P含量越高,堆肥的品质越好。3种配比的堆肥均腐熟,N、P含量均达到堆肥的品质要求。[结论]稻秆是堆肥的好材料。综合考虑,稻秆与鸡粪按1∶1.5进行堆肥最好。

[Objective] The purpose was to supply basis for the scientific exploitation of rice straw. [Method] The rice straws were cut into 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 cm segments and soaked for 10, 30, 60, 120, 180 and 240 min resp. and then composted with chicken manure at the ratios of 1：1, 1：1.5 and l：2, and the temperature, pHvalue, water content and components of compost were determined. [Resuh] When the segment length was 6 cm and the soaking time was 180 min, the water content in rice straw approached saturation. In composts with 3 kinds of proportions, the duration of temperature higher than 55℃ reached more than 10 d. The water content showed decrease trend along with the increment of compost days but was always in suitable range, and it was not necessary to supplement water. The pH value of materials with 3 proportions increased rapidly in the initial stage of compost and then decreased back, and was stable at about 7 finally. The higher the proportion of chicken manure was, the higher the N and P contents in compost were, and the better the compost quality was. The composts with 3 kinds of proportions were matured and both N and P contents reached the quality request of compost. [Conclusion] Rice straw was good material for compost. Considering comprehensively, the proportion of 1：1.5 was best for the compost of rice straw and chicken manure.