追氮时期对不同类型冬小麦籽粒产量和品质的影响

Study on the Effects of Nitrogen Topdressing Stage on Grain Yield and Quality of Winter Wheat with Different Types

[目的]为冬小麦的高产优质栽培提供理论依据。[方法]以超高产中筋品种鲁麦22和高产优质强筋品种烟农15为试材,研究了追氮时期对不同类型冬小麦籽粒产量和品质的影响。[结果]拔节雌雄蕊原基形成期和挑旗(四分体)期追施氮肥能显著增加穗粒数、收获指数和籽粒产量,极显著地提高粒重;追氮时期过早(起身期)或过迟(开花期)均对冬小麦籽粒产量的提高产生不利影响。超高产中筋品种鲁麦22拔节期追氮效果显著优于挑旗期,而高产优质强筋品种烟农15拔节期与挑旗期调控效果差异不显著。挑旗期和拔节期追施氮肥,均能提高籽粒容重、出粉率和面粉的湿面筋含量、沉淀值,显著延长面团形成时间、稳定时间和断裂时间,降低公差指数,提高评价值,但高产优质强筋品种烟农15较超高产中筋品种鲁麦22对追肥时期更敏感,挑旗期追施氮肥效果最佳,拔节期次之,而鲁麦22拔节期和挑旗期追施氮肥效果基本一致。[结论]拔节期或挑旗期是小麦高产优质兼顾的追氮时期。

[Objective] The study aimed to provide theoretical basis for the high yield and quality cultivation of winter wheat, [Method] With winter wheat variety Lumai 22 with super high yield and middle gluten and Yannong 15 with high yield and quality and strong gluten as tested materials, the effects of N topdressing stage on grain yield and quality of winter wheat with different types were studied, [Result] Topdressing N fertilizer in jointing and flagging （tetrad） stages could increase grain number per ear, harvest index and grain yield significantly and enhance grain weight extremely significantly, Too early （setting stage） or too late （flowering stage） N topdressing stage produced disadvantage influence on the enhancement of grain yield of winter wheat. The N topdresslng effect on Lumai 22 with super high yield and middle gluten in jointing stage was significantly higher than that in flagging stage, but the control effect on Yannong 15 with high yield and quality and strong gluten in jointing had not significant difference from that in flagging stages, Topdressing N fertilizer in both jointing and flagging stages could enhance grain unit, flour yield and wet gluten content and sedimentation value of the flour, extend the formation, stabilization and fracture time of dough, reduce tolerance index and enhance evaluation value, But the winter wheat variety Yannong 15 with high yield and quality and strong gluten was more sensitive to topdressing stage than Iannai 22 with super high yield and middle gluten, The effect of topdressing N fertilizer was best in flagging stage and secondary in jointing stage. The effects of topdressing N fertilizer on Lumai 22 in jointing and in flagging stages were basically accordant, [Conclusion] Jointing or flagging stage were optimum N topdressing stage in favor of high yield and quality of wheat,