多基因型大豆的生理生态研究

Research on the Physiological Ecology of Multi-genotype Soybean

[目的]为大豆的高产生理生态提供依据。[方法]在大豆高产田选用单基因型大豆鲁豆13、日选、黄沙、科丰6号、92—8，并等量混合种植组成包括6个双基因型大豆的11个处理，研究多基因型大豆的生理生态。[结果]双基因型群体日选＋科丰6号的产量最高，比单基因型增产18．6％．44．7％。极值出现在日选＋科丰6号中的生理指标有茎粗、分枝、叶数、中部叶重、上部叶重（第2峰值）、叶面积指数（第2峰值），与产量关系较为密切，但没达显著水平。高产双基因型的指标几乎均超出或接近单基因型高值，茎粗、分枝、叶面积系数、干物质积累、中上部叶重、产量有明显优势，产量较低的双基因型相反。盛花期中上部截留96．0％-97．0％、漏光损失1．0％-2．5％较为适宜；鼓粒期中上部截留65．0％．75．0％较为适宜，到达地面的光不宜超过10．0％。[结论]基因型搭配较单基因型增产显著，增产幅度达8．7％～44．7％，叶面积系数、干物质积累量、中上部叶重明显提高，以尖叶品种与阔叶品种搭配较为合理。

[Objective] The study aimed to provide basis for the high-yield physiological ecology of soybean. [Method] In the high-yield soybean field, the single genotype soybeans Ludou 13, Rixuan, Huangsha, Kefeng 6 and 92-8 were mixed at equal plant number and planted to form 11 treatments of 6 double genotype soybeans so as to study the physiological ecology of multi-genotype soybean. [Result] The yield of double genotype population Rixuan ＋ Kefeng 6 was highest, increasing by 18.6% - 44.7% than that of single genotype, The extremums of physiological indices such as stem diameter, branches, leaf number, leaf weight on the middle part and top （ the second peak value） and leaf area index （ the second peak value） appeared in double genotype of Rixuan ＋ Kefeng 6, which had closer relationship with yield, but not roaching significant level. Almost all the indices of high-yield double genotype exceeded or were close to the high value of single genotype, and there were obvious advantages on stem diameter, branches, leaf area coefficient, dry matter accumulation, leaf weight on the middle part and top and yield and that of double genotype with lower yield were opposite, The interception of 96.0% - 97.0% on the middle part and top and light leakage loss of 1.0% -2.5% were mere suitable during full-bloom stage,The interception on the middle part and top was 65,0% - 75.0% .and the light reached ground was not suitable to exceed 10.0% during seed-filling period. [Conclusion] The yield increment of combined double genotypes was mere significant than that of single genotype with increment reaching 8,7% - 44,7% and the leaf area coefficient,dry matter accumulation and leaf weight on the middle part and top were enhanced obviously, The combination of spear leaf variety and broad leaf variety was mere reasonable,