保护地蔬菜菌核病的发生及防治

Occurrence of Vegetable Sclerotium Disease in the Protected Field and Its Prevention Technology

[目的]研究保护地蔬菜菌核病的发生及防治技术。[方法]在2003～2006年研究菌核病病原菌侵染循环的基础上，探讨菌核病的综合防治方法。[结果]蔬菜菌核病病菌多为核盘菌，在土壤中以菌核的形式越冬，形成第2年的侵染源。幼嫩果实较老熟果实容易发病。温度20℃左右，大棚相对湿度在85％以上，有利于病菌发育，发病较重。蔬菜栽植密度过大和病田连作地菌核病发病较重。生态防治菌核病的措施包括深翻灌水、覆膜栽培、种子处理（温汤浸种或药剂浸种）、清洁田园、高温闷棚，均能控制病害的发生。1000～1500倍液的50％腐霉利、50％异菌脲、50％乙烯菌核利等可湿性粉剂对保护地蔬菜菌核病的防效较高。植株生长后期，仍要重点防治根茎部。[结论]该研究明确了菌核病病原菌的侵染循环途径，制定了以生态措施为主的有效防治措施。

[ Objective] The research aimed to study the occurrence of vegetable sclerotium disease in the protected field and its prevention technology. [Method] Based on the research on the infection cycle of sclerotium disease pathogen in 2003 - 2006, the comprehensive method for controlling the sclerotium disease was discussed. [Result] The pathogens of vegetable sclerotium disease were mostly Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and they lived with the form of sclerotium in the soil through the winter to form the infectian source in the second year. Tender fruits were easier to get diseased than old and mature fruits. When the temperature was about 20 ℃ and the relative humidity in the greenhouse was over 85%, the conditions were propitious to the development of the pathogen and the disease was heavier. The sclerotimn disease was serious when the planting density of the vegetable was too greater and continuous cropping was made in the diseased field. Ecological preventing measures against sclerotium disease included deep digging and irrigation, film - mulching cultivation, seed treatment （soaking seed at high temperatures or disinfecting）, cleaning the fields and closing greenhouse with high temperature, which could all control the occurrence of diseases. Wettable powders diluted by 1 000 - 1 500 times for 50% procymidne, 50% iprodione and 50% vinclozolin had better control effect on vegetable sclerotium disease in the protected field. In late growth stage of plant, emphasis should be still laid on preventing the disease at the root and stem. [Conclusion] This research confirmed the infection circulation pathway of the sclerotium disease pathogen and made effective control measures with ecological measures as main.