蓖麻粗毒蛋白的提取及其杀鼠活性初步研究

Preliminary Study on the Extraction of Ricins and Its Rat-killing Activity

[目的]探讨蓖麻粗毒蛋白作为灭鼠药的可行性以及不同溶剂脱脂对蓖麻粗毒蛋白的生物活性的影响。[方法]用石油醚、乙醚、二氯甲烷3种溶剂分别对蓖麻粗籽进行脱脂后,用醋酸水溶液从脱脂的蓖麻饼中提取蓖麻毒蛋白,通过杀鼠活性试验比较3种蓖麻粗毒蛋白的杀鼠活性。[结果]3种蓖麻粗毒蛋白均有明显的杀鼠活性,小鼠死亡率均达100%。采用不同溶剂脱脂对蓖麻毒蛋白的活性没有影响,但二氯甲烷脱脂的蓖麻粗毒蛋白平均致死速度相对较慢。[结论]该研究为进一步分离和提纯杀鼠活性成分提供了线索,也为开发蓖麻作为植物源灭鼠剂提供了依据。

[ Objective] The research aimed to discuss the feasibility of taking ricin as raticide and the effects of defatting with different solvents on the biological activity of ricin. [Method] Castor seeds were degreased with 3 kinds of solvents including petroleum ether, aether and methylene chloride, and ricins were extracted from the defatted castor cake with acetic acid solution. And the rat-killing activities of 3 kinds of ricins were compared in the ratkilling activity test. [Result] 3 kinds of ricins all had obvious rat-killing activity and the mortality rates of rats all reached 100%. Defatting with different solvents had no effect on the activity of ricin, but the average lethality of the ricin obtained from defatting with methylene chloride was relatively slowly. [Conclusion] This research provided clues for further separating and purifying the active components for killing rates, and provided basis for developing castor-oil plant as plant rodenticide.