化学肥料对保水剂吸水倍率及养分吸持的影响

Effects of Chemical Fertilizers on Water Absorbency of Water Retaining Agent and Nutrient Retention

[目的]为保水剂正确使用和进一步开发提供依据。[方法]测定3种保水剂在尿素、碳酸氢铵、硫酸铵和氯化铵溶液中的吸水倍率及养分吸持量，研究不同氮肥对保水剂吸水、保肥性能的影响。[结果]保水剂在各种肥料溶液中的吸水倍率显著下降，并随肥料浓度的增加下降幅度增加。随着肥料浓度的增大，保水剂对尿素中氮的吸持量和吸持率增加，对碳酸氢铵、硫酸铵和氯化铵中氮的吸持量增加、吸持率降低。氯化铵对保水剂吸水倍率的影响最大，然后是硫酸铵、碳酸氢铵、尿素。在碳酸氢铵、硫酸铵和氯化铵浓度为10％时，3种保水剂的相对吸水倍率下降到10％左右，对氮的吸持量增加到741．1～814．6mg／g。[结论]保水剂和肥料品种不同，吸水倍率、吸持量和吸持率也不同。最高浓度下，保水剂对氮肥吸持率按碳酸氢铵、氯化铵、硫酸铵、尿素次序依次增大。

[ Objective] The research aimed to provide basis for correct use and further development of water retaining agent. [ Method] Water absorbency and nutrient retention quantity of 3 kinds of water retaining agents in the solutions of urea, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium sulfate and ammonium chloride were determined to study the effects of different nitrogen fertilizers on water absorption and fertilizer retention capability of water retaining agents. [ Result] Water absorbency of water retaining agent in all kinds of fertilizer solution was significantly decreased and the decrease amplitude was increased with the increment of fertilizer concentration. With the increment of fertilizer concentration, the retention quantity and retention rate of water retaining agent to nitrogen in urea were increased, and its retention quantity to nitrogen in ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium sulfate and ammonium chloride were increased and the retention rate was decreased. The effects of ammonium chloride on water absorbency of water retaining agents was greatest, the next were ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium sulfate and urea. When the concentration of ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium sulfate and ammonium chloride was 10%, the relative water absorbency of 3 kinds of water retaining agents were decreased to about 10% and the retention quantity to nitrogen was decreased to 741.1 - 814.6 mg/g. [Conclusion] When water retaining agent and fertilizer variety was various, water absorbency, retention quantity and retention rate were different. At the highest concentration, the retention rate of water retaining agents was increased in the order of ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride and urea.