盐城海岸带湿地生态经济价值评估

Evaluation of the Ecological Economic Value of Yancheng Coastal Wetland

海岸湿地是生物多样性最丰富、生产力最高、最具生态经济价值的湿地生态系统之一。综合野外调查数据和文献调研数据,运用替代市场技术对盐城海岸带湿地生态经济价值进行了初步评估,结果发现:天然湿地单位面积生态经济价值大于人工湿地,但是人工湿地单位面积的直接价值大于天然湿地。这在一定程度上表明,对体现近期经济利益的直接使用价值的重视,对支撑湿地可持续发展的间接使用价值与非使用价值的忽略,是导致盐城海岸带湿地开发与保护矛盾冲突的根本原因。从评估的盐城海岸带湿地主要生态价值看,净化、干扰调节和水分调节是该湿地的主要功能,从湿地不同景观类型的生态经济价值来看,草滩和芦苇的生态经济价值最大,因此,这两种湿地类型应是盐城海岸湿地中重点保护的对象。

Coastal wetland is an important ecosystem with high economic value, rich biodiversity and huge productivity, The methods of ecological economics and ecology were applied to evaluate the ecological economic value of Yaneheng coastal wetland. The study result showed the ecological economic values of primeval wetlands were higher than man-trade wetlands,but the man-made wetlands direct economic value per km^2 was higher than the primeval wetlands, and the primeval wetlands indirect economic value was higher than the man-trade wetlands. It is why people changed primeval wetland into manmade wetland. At the same time, it was showed that the wetlands main functions were water holding capacity, environmental purification and the risk-reducing of natural disaster.