“奢安之乱”与“沙普之乱”比较研究

Study on the She'an Rebellion and the Shapu Rebellion

明末,西南民族地区爆发了两次以彝族土司为主力的少数民族叛乱——"奢安之乱"和"沙普之乱"。它们对西南民族社会影响深远,甚至直接影响了该地区历史发展的进程。为了剿灭两次土司叛乱,明政府不惜动用数省兵力和财力,极大地牵制了明朝抵御后金进攻和镇压中原农民起义的军力和物力,致使明朝陷入了三线作战的境地,在三者的交迫之下最终走向了灭亡,因此,西南的两次土司叛乱是促成明王朝灭亡的重要原因之一。由于这两次土司叛乱都是以彝族土司为主力,时间上有所联系,事件上彼此相因,由此,本文试图对两次土司叛乱进行比较,探究他们之间的历史联系性及相似之处,以期能揭示明末清初西南民族社会复杂背景中的一个切面,也希望对明亡清兴历史的研究有所裨益。

In the late Ming Dynasties, two rebellions headed by Yi-minority chieftains--the She＇ an Rebellion and the Shapu Rebellion---took place in southwest China which left a far-reaching impact on the societies of the ethnic minorities and the course of historical development in the region. As the two rebellions were both launched by the local Yi-minority chieftains and thus related in time and development, this paper is to conduct a comparative study of the two rebellions and find out the relationship and similarities between the two incidents. The author hopes to reveal a side of the ethnic societies in southwest China in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, as well as to shed some light on the study of the system of appointing minority hereditary chieftains.