中国农药急性中毒致因探讨

Reasons discussion of Acute Pesticide Poisoning in China

目前农药急性中毒已成为世界各国共同关注的社会问题。中国为控制农药污染,防止农药中毒,加强了农药管理,完善了法律法规,但农药急性中毒的形势并未得到有效扼制。通过对近年来中国农药中毒情况的统计分析,揭示了中国农药急性中毒的主要致因和特征:中国每年发生农药急性中毒病例约5万人,死亡数千人。其中生产性农药中毒者约1万人,病死率不足1%;非生产性农药中毒者约4万人,病死率约10%。显然非生产性农药急性中毒是构成农药中毒的主要原因。生产性农药急性中毒主要发生在农村第三季度,年龄以30～50岁居多,且男性多于女性。非生产性农药急性中毒主要是由于家庭纠纷等原因引起的服毒自杀,约占非生产性农药急性中毒的80%,高发年龄段提前到20～40岁,且女性高于男性。因此防止农药急性中毒的重点是构建和谐的家庭和社会。

Nowadays the acute pesticide poisoning has become the common concerned social problems of the world. To control the pesticide pollution and avoid pesticide poisoning, we enhance management of pesticides and improve the laws and regulations. But the situation of acute pesticide poisoning hasn ＇ t been controlled effectively. Statistical analysis on the condition of pesticide poisoning in resent years in China showed that the main causes and characteristics of the acute pesticide poisoning were as follows ： the case of the acute pesticide poisoning was about 50 000 each year and thousands of them died, in which the operative pesticide poisoning is probably 10 000 persons, the death rate is less than 1%, while the non-operative pesticide poisoning is approximately 40 000 persons, the death rate is about 10%. Obviously the non- operative acute pesticide poisoning is the primary reason of the acute pesticide poisoning. The operative pesticide poisoning mainly occurred in the third season, the age is most about from 30 to 50, and the amount of the male is more than the female. The taking poisoning and suicide because of the family dissension, the main reason of the non-operative pesticide poisoning, is about 80% in non-operative acute pesticide poisoning, the frequent age is from 20 to 40 and the female number is more than the male. So the key of controlling the acute pesticide poisoning is to construct the harmonious family and society.