摘要
阴道是一个独特的细菌寄生场所，它终身受到生长发育和激素剧烈变化的影响而改变。出生时，阴道由复层鳞状上皮排列而成，当母体雌激素减少时发生退行性变。在儿童时期，阴道菌群包括皮肤寄生虫和肠道菌群。月经初潮时，pH值从中性下降到4，菌群开始被乳酸杆菌支配，许多其它有机体可能会表现为更低级的聚集物，包括厌氧菌、兼性厌氧菌和念珠菌。激素环境每个月都会发生改变，加上由经期、月经及卫生引起的生理功能失调以及性行为等会引发很多新的病原体，同时也会改变pH值。妊娠和哺乳会引起更持久的激素水平失衡。到了更年期，阴道上皮开始逐渐萎缩，pH值上升，与皮肤相似的菌群可能会重建。
出处
《继续医学教育》
2007年第17期1-6,共6页
Continuing Medical Education
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