不同经济发展水平下的耕地利用集约度及其变化规律比较研究

Comparative study of cultivated land use intensive degree and its change law at different economic levels

选择北京市大兴区、河北省曲周县和内蒙古自治区武川县3个处于不同经济区位和发展水平下的典型区县,比较分析了3个地区2000～2004年的耕地利用集约度及其变化规律和种植结构。结果显示,3个地区耕地利用集约度水平次序同经济发展水平次序是一致的,依次为:大兴>曲周>武川。同时,相关性分析也表明地区经济发展水平同耕地利用集约度呈显著正相关,说明耕地利用集约度会随着经济的发展而增加。同时,集约度的内部构成会随着经济发展而变化,资金集约度的比重会逐渐上升,而劳动集约度比重会逐渐下降,体现了资金投入逐步替代劳动投入的趋势。另外,农业种植结构同耕地利用集约度关系也十分密切,以蔬菜瓜果为主的种植结构集约度会大于以大田作物为主的种植结构集约度。

In the process of industrialization of China, the use of cultivated land has changed obviously, and the use intensive degree is diverse in different areas with different economic development levels. In this study, three typical agricultural regions with different economic levels were chosen to compare and analyze their use intensities of cultivated land during the period of 2000 to 2004. Results show that the order of intensive degree is accordant with the order of economic level which is Daxing 〉 Quzhou 〉 Wuchuan. The positive correlation between cultivated land use intensive degree and GDP is significant, which indicate that the intensive degree increased with the development of economy. At the same time, the internal structure of intensive degree changes with economic growth： the percentage of capital intensity goes up gradually while labor intensity goes down. It reflects the trend that capital input will gradually substitute labor input in the process of regional development. Moreover, planting structures also have close relationships with regional use intensive degree of cultivated land and the intensive degree for planting structure mainly of vegetables is higher than that mainly of field crops.