水稻不同种植方式的比较试验与评价

Comparison and analysis of different rice planting methods in China

为了比较水稻不同种植方式的实施效果,在中国三大稻区安排了机械插秧、机械直播、机械钵苗行栽3种种植方式与常规育秧手工插秧方式比较试验,试验的品种为当地种植面积较大的6个品种,采集了不同试验方式的各项成本,测定了水稻产量指标和作业环节消耗工时等数据。试验结果表明,南方一季稻区优选种植方式的排序为:机械插秧、机械直播和手工插秧;南方双季稻区机械插秧方式优于手工插秧;北方稻区机械钵苗行栽方式优于手工插秧。其中机械插秧方式平均增产7.53%、平均省工41.44%,平均增加效益46.78%;机械直播方式产量平均下降6.34%,平均省工31.30%,而对效益的影响因品种不同而表现出差异性;机械钵苗行栽方式平均增产8.95%、省工64.29%,增加效益22.57%。

There are several rice planting methods in China, which includes traditional manual transplanting（TMT）, rice mechanized transplanting（MT）, rice mechanized direct seeding（MDS） and rice mechanized potted-seedling transplanting（MPST）. In order to evaluate these different rice planting methods, comparison tests between three mechanized planting methods and TMT were carded out in three main rice plant regions named as one-season rice production region in South China（OSSC）, two-season rice production region in South China（TSSC） and rice production region in North China（NC）, data related to rice yields, production costs, labor hours were collected and analyzed. The results showed that MT was recommended in both OSSC and TSSC, and MPST was recommended in NC. By MT, rough rice yields and net profit increased by 7.53% and 46.78%, and labor hours reduced by 41.44% in average. By MDS, rough rice yields decreased by 6.34%, while net profit varied with different rice varieties, and labor hours reduced by 31.30% in average. By MPST, rough rice yields and net profit increased by 8.95% and 22.57% respectively, and labor hours reduced by 64.29%. These results can providing a good guideline to select rice planting methods for different rice planting regions in China.