上海市闵行区外来流动人口与艾滋病VCT相关的知信行的定性研究

A qualitative study on voluntary counseling and testing(VCT)for HIV/AIDS among migrants in Minhang district of Shanghai

目的了解社区中外来流动人口对艾滋病自愿咨询检测(VCT)的认知、态度和参与VCT服务的影响因素。方法采取方便抽样的方法,对上海市闵行区3个社区的74名流动人员、27名社区关键知情人和20名社区服务人员,进行个人深入访谈和小组访谈。结果外来流动人口以青壮年居多,文化程度低,艾滋病防治意识薄弱;只有1/3的外来流动人员知道免费的VCT,知道VCT服务地点和做过HIV检测的流动人员更少;约一半的外来流动人员和社区关键知情人对他人参与VCT的行为存有偏见。流动人员参与VCT服务的影响因素主要包括VCT知识、有危险行为并知觉到危险性、环境支持和可及的VCT服务。结论迫切需要在外来流动人口社区中开展更广泛的VCT健康教育,并采取灵活可及的VCT服务和完善检测后关怀服务。

Objective To understand the knowledge, attitudes and impact factors related to voluntary counseling and testing（VCT） for HIV/AiDS among migrants in Minhang district of Shanghai. Method Using a convenience sampling strategy,74 migrants,27 key informants and 20 community service providers were selected to participate in in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. Results Most migrants were young, less educated and poorly aware of HIV prevention. Only one third of the migrants heard of VCT, but few of them knew where to seek VCT or had any personal VCT experience. Nearly half of the interviewees took a negative attitude towards those who participated in VCT service. The main factors influencing the participation in VCT service among the migrants were the knowledge of VCT, having risk behavior and perception, supportive environments and availability of HIV/VCT services.Conclusions There is an urgent need to promote extensive health education about HIV/VCT, adopt flexible and available approaches to VCT service and provide appropriate care following the HIV test among migrants.