句法平面与主语

The Syntactic Level and Subject

在语法研究中存在三个平面,句法的、语义的、语用的。在不同平面可以分析出不同的句子成分。主语是句法平面的成分,它与语义平面的施事和语用平面的主题既有区别又有联系,语法学界在主语上的分歧主要是混淆了语法的三个平面。确定主语要立足于句法平面。在句法平面上,主语的特征有两个:在形式上,表现为位置在谓语前;在意义上,表现为与谓语具有被陈述和陈述关系。根据这两个特征,本文分析了语法学界有分歧的几种主语。

There are syntactic, semantic and pragmatic levels in grammatical research and different sentence constituents can be analyzed in each level. The subject belongs to the syntactic level and it is different from but related to agent in semantic level and theme in pragmatic level. The different opinons about subject mainly result from confusing the three levels.